An embryonic stem cell undergoes which process to become a neuron?

The process by which an embryonic stem cell transforms into a neuron is known as differentiation. This is a crucial biological process where a less specialized cell, such as an embryonic stem cell, develops into a more specialized cell type. Differentiation allows stem cells to give rise to various cell types that perform specific functions in the body.

During differentiation, embryonic stem cells receive specific signals—such as growth factors and other molecular cues—that guide them to develop into particular cell types. In the case of neurons, these signals will trigger the stem cells to express certain genes that are essential for neuron formation, leading to changes in cell structure and function that are characteristic of neurons.

This process is fundamental in development, as it contributes to the formation of different tissues and organ systems from a single fertilized egg. Therefore, differentiation is the correct answer because it encapsulates the mechanism by which stem cells gain specialized functions, such as those necessary for neurons.