In which circumstance is a person's consent not needed for sharing their information?

A person's consent is not needed for sharing their information in the context of a public health occurrence due to the collective need to protect public health and safety. Public health laws and regulations often allow health information to be disclosed without individual consent when it is necessary for the prevention, investigation, or control of disease outbreaks, or when a health threat is present. This is crucial in situations like infectious disease outbreaks, where timely access to information can prevent further spread and save lives.

The sharing of information in these cases aligns with the principles of public health ethics, which prioritize the welfare of the community as a whole. By allowing for information sharing without consent, public health officials can quickly respond to emergencies and protect the health of the population, thus upholding the duty of care owed to society.