In which situation is individual consent for the release of personal health information required?

Individual consent for the release of personal health information is essential in situations where the information pertains to specific identifiable patients, such as in the case of insurance claims. When individuals submit claims to insurance companies, personal health information is often required to determine benefits or coverage eligibility. This information directly relates to an individual's medical care and must be shared with consent to protect the individual’s privacy and comply with legal standards governing personal health information.

In contrast, reportable diseases often fall under mandatory reporting laws aimed at protecting public health, meaning consent is not necessary for that specific data to be shared with health authorities. Aggregate research typically uses anonymized data that does not identify individuals, eliminating the need for consent. Subpoena duces tecum, which compels the presentation of evidence, can enforce the release of information without individual consent in legal contexts.