Interference with the exchange of gases in the alveoli, which results in retention of CO2, may cause:

The correct choice reflects the physiological consequences of impaired gas exchange in the alveoli, particularly when it leads to the retention of carbon dioxide (CO2). When there is interference with the exchange of gases, the body struggles to expel CO2, which can accumulate in the bloodstream. This condition is known as respiratory acidosis.

Respiratory acidosis occurs because, as CO2 levels rise, the pH of the blood decreases, leading to an acidic environment. This happens because CO2, when dissolved in blood, forms carbonic acid, which then dissociates to release hydrogen ions, further lowering the pH. The body attempts to compensate for this acidity through various mechanisms, but if the primary issue—impaired gas exchange—is not resolved, respiratory acidosis can persist.

In contrast, the other options listed refer to different acid-base imbalances that do not directly result from CO2 retention due to respiratory issues. Metabolic acidosis and metabolic alkalosis are related to systemic metabolic processes rather than issues strictly with gas exchange in the lungs. Respiratory alkalosis, on the other hand, typically results from excessive exhalation of CO2, such as during hyperventilation, which is opposite to the scenario described. Thus, retention of