Low-frequency hearing loss, tinnitus, and periodic episodes of vertigo are symptoms of which condition?

Low-frequency hearing loss, tinnitus, and periodic episodes of vertigo are hallmark symptoms of Ménière's disease. This condition is characterized by an imbalance of fluid in the inner ear, which plays a crucial role in both hearing and balance. The associated low-frequency hearing loss occurs due to the dilation of the inner ear structures, known as endolymphatic hydrops, leading to episodes of hearing impairment. Tinnitus, or ringing in the ears, and vertigo, which is the sensation of spinning or dizziness, are closely linked to the episodes of increased inner ear pressure that individuals with Ménière's disease experience.

In contrast, the other conditions listed are associated with different sets of symptoms and do not typically present the combination of low-frequency hearing loss, tinnitus, and vertigo. For instance, Guillain-Barré syndrome primarily affects motor function and may lead to weakness and paralysis, but it does not typically cause the auditory symptoms associated with Ménière's disease. Lou Gehrig's disease, or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), involves the degeneration of motor neurons and affects movement rather than sensory perception. Parkinson's disease, while affecting balance and coordination, does not typically involve the auditory symptoms aligning with those found in Méni