Observation is a method commonly used in which type of research?

Observation is a critical method commonly employed in descriptive research. Descriptive research aims to provide an accurate portrayal of characteristics, behaviors, or situations without manipulating the environment. By utilizing observation, researchers can collect naturalistic data regarding subjects in their typical contexts, which helps in capturing a comprehensive snapshot of the phenomena being studied.

In descriptive research, the emphasis is on detailing "what is" rather than establishing causal relationships or testing hypotheses. Observational methods allow for the gathering of rich, qualitative data that reflects the actual behaviors or conditions present in the population being studied. This technique can also facilitate the identification of patterns or trends that might require further investigation.

While observational methods can be applicable in various research designs, they are particularly foundational in descriptive studies because they focus on outlining and understanding the characteristics of the subjects without intervention or manipulation.