What condition is characterized by the overproduction of red blood cells due to the excess of red bone marrow stem cells?

Polycythemia Vera is characterized by the overproduction of red blood cells resulting from the proliferation of red bone marrow stem cells. This condition is a type of myeloproliferative neoplasm, where an increase in red blood cell mass leads to elevated hemoglobin levels and hematocrit, which can cause various complications such as increased blood viscosity and a higher risk of thrombosis.

The condition develops due to mutations, most commonly in the JAK2 gene, which play a critical role in blood cell production. As a result of this mutation, there is uncontrolled growth and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow, leading to excessive production of not only red blood cells but often also of white blood cells and platelets.

Understanding Polycythemia Vera is essential for recognizing its symptoms, which may include headaches, dizziness, and a ruddy complexion, along with potential complications that may arise if left untreated. This knowledge is vital for effective diagnosis and management in healthcare practice.