What condition is defined as the failure of the testis to descend completely?

The condition defined as the failure of the testis to descend completely is known as cryptorchidism. This occurs when one or both testicles fail to move into the scrotum before birth. Typically, the testicles develop in the abdomen and are expected to descend into the scrotum during the later stages of fetal development. When this descent fails to occur, it can result in various complications, including infertility and an increased risk of testicular cancer if left untreated.

Understanding the significance of this condition is essential in pediatric health management. It often requires monitoring and potentially surgical intervention, especially if the testis fails to descend by a certain age, typically around one year.

In contrast, varicocele refers to the enlargement of veins within the scrotum, and hydrocele is the accumulation of fluid around the testes. Hypospadias is a birth defect in which the opening of the urethra is not located at the tip of the penis. Each of these conditions has its own distinct characteristics and implications, making it essential to differentiate them from cryptorchidism.