What does deontological theory emphasize in ethical decision-making?

Deontological theory emphasizes moral principles and the inherent rightness or wrongness of actions, regardless of their consequences. This ethical framework is often associated with the work of philosopher Immanuel Kant, who argued that actions must be guided by a sense of duty and adherence to ethical rules or maxims. According to deontological ethics, the morality of an action is determined by whether it aligns with certain fundamental rules or duties, rather than the outcomes that result from the action.

In practical terms, when applying deontological ethics to decision-making, individuals prioritize adherence to ethical duties, such as honesty and fairness, over potential benefits or harms that may arise from their actions. For example, a healthcare professional might choose to disclose complete and honest information to a patient, viewing this as an ethical obligation, even if withholding information might lead to a more favorable outcome for the patient in certain situations.

This approach contrasts with other ethical theories that might focus on the consequences of actions, emotional responses, or societal norms, which do not prioritize the intrinsic morality of actions themselves. Ultimately, the core principle of deontological theory is that there are moral rules and duties that must guide behavior consistently, irrespective of the results those actions might generate.