What does the term 'cor pulmonale' refer to?

The term 'cor pulmonale' specifically refers to right-sided heart failure that occurs as a consequence of chronic lung disease. This condition arises when the right ventricle struggles to pump blood effectively due to increased pressure in the pulmonary arteries, which is often a result of chronic respiratory disorders such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary fibrosis, or other conditions that adversely affect gas exchange in the lungs.

Chronic lung diseases lead to hypoxia and subsequent pulmonary vasoconstriction, which can elevate the pressure in the pulmonary circulation, ultimately placing strain on the right side of the heart. As the right ventricle works harder to overcome this increased resistance, it may eventually fail, leading to symptoms associated with cor pulmonale, such as swelling in the legs, abdominal discomfort due to fluid accumulation, and fatigue.

Understanding this term is crucial in clinical practice, as it emphasizes the interconnectedness of respiratory and cardiovascular health, guiding appropriate management strategies for affected patients.