What genetic abnormality is associated with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)?

The Philadelphia chromosome is the specific genetic abnormality associated with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). This chromosome results from a translocation between chromosome 9 and chromosome 22, which creates a fusion gene known as BCR-ABL1. This fusion gene plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of CML by producing a tyrosine kinase that leads to uncontrolled cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis, contributing to the development of leukemia.

Thus, identifying the Philadelphia chromosome is vital in diagnosing CML and helps in determining treatment options, particularly with targeted therapies such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Recognizing this genetic marker has significantly improved patient outcomes since the introduction of therapies that directly target the BCR-ABL1 protein.

In understanding this context, recognizing the Philadelphia chromosome's role is essential for health information management professionals as it relates to genetic testing and personalized medicine approaches in treating CML.