What standard computer markup language specifies data elements and facilitates data interchange?

The correct answer is XML, which stands for eXtensible Markup Language. XML is a standard markup language that defines a set of rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable. It is widely used for data interchange between systems due to its flexibility, allowing users to create custom tags to represent data elements.

One of the primary advantages of XML is its ability to facilitate the sharing of structured data across different information systems, which is crucial for healthcare settings where various systems need to communicate and exchange patient information effectively. XML has become a standard for many web services and data interchange applications because of its compatibility with a variety of programming languages and its platform-independent nature.

In contrast, other options like CPOE (Computerized Provider Order Entry), EDMS (Electronic Document Management System), and ES (Electronic Submission) refer to specific applications or systems rather than a markup language standard. While they may serve important functions in health information management and data processing, they do not provide the same level of data structure and interoperability that XML does, making XML the correct choice in this context.