Which agency was formed to promote and protect the health of Canadians?

The Public Health Agency of Canada was established specifically to promote and protect the health of Canadians. Its primary role includes enhancing public health, preventing disease, and responding to health emergencies, which aligns closely with the agency's mission to safeguard the health and well-being of the population. This agency plays a crucial role in the national public health response, especially during outbreaks and health crises.

In contrast, Statistics Canada focuses on providing statistical information and data, which supports various fields including health, but does not directly engage in promoting or protecting health. The Canadian College of Physicians and Surgeons is a regulatory body ensuring the competency and conduct of physicians within the provinces, while the Canadian Institute for Health Information gathers and analyzes data regarding healthcare in Canada but does not have a direct mandate to promote or protect health. Thus, the distinction of the Public Health Agency of Canada as the correct answer is clear in the context of its explicit focus on public health initiatives.