Which condition is characterized by hyperthyroidism, an enlarged thyroid, and exophthalmos?

Graves' disease is characterized by hyperthyroidism, an enlarged thyroid (often referred to as a goiter), and exophthalmos, which is the protrusion of the eyes. This autoimmune disorder occurs when the immune system mistakenly stimulates the thyroid gland, causing it to produce excessive amounts of thyroid hormones. The overproduction of these hormones leads to symptoms commonly associated with hyperthyroidism, including weight loss, increased heart rate, and anxiety.

Exophthalmos occurs in Graves' disease due to inflammation and swelling of the tissues around the eyes, often related to the autoimmune process. The combination of these symptoms—hyperthyroidism, goiter, and exophthalmos—uniquely identifies Graves' disease as a specific condition, distinguishing it from other thyroid-related disorders and conditions.