Which condition is triggered by the intolerance to gluten?

Celiac disease is an autoimmune condition that is triggered by the ingestion of gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. In individuals with celiac disease, gluten consumption leads to damage in the small intestine, specifically the villi, which are tiny hair-like projections that help with nutrient absorption. This damage can result in a variety of gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal symptoms, including abdominal pain, diarrhea, malnutrition, and a host of other health issues due to nutrient deficiencies.

The key feature of celiac disease that distinguishes it from other conditions is this direct link to gluten intolerance, which is specifically an immune reaction to gluten that causes long-term damage to the small intestine. The other conditions mentioned do not arise from gluten intolerance: Crohn's disease is a type of inflammatory bowel disease with distinct traits; portal hypertension is associated with liver complications; and chronic hepatitis refers to liver inflammation, often unrelated to dietary factors like gluten. This understanding is crucial for proper diagnosis and management of celiac disease, allowing individuals to modify their diets and avoid gluten to alleviate symptoms and prevent complications.