Which of the following is a recent trend in database design?

Natural language processing (NLP) represents a significant trend in database design as it enhances the way users interact with databases by allowing for more intuitive queries and data manipulation using everyday language. This technology facilitates better communication between users and systems, improving accessibility, efficiency, and user experience. It helps bridge the gap between technical database languages and non-technical users by enabling more natural interactions with data.

The trend towards integrating NLP in database systems aligns with broader movements in technology that seek to make complex systems more user-friendly and efficient. As organizations collect and manage enormous amounts of data, the ability to query and analyze this data using conversational language can streamline processes and reduce barriers for users who may not have formal training in database management.

In contrast, options like manual data entry, use of typewriters, and paper-based systems reflect outdated practices that are being phased out in favor of more automated and digital approaches. These methods do not align with modern advancements in database technology and are less efficient, posing greater risks for errors and data management challenges.