Which of the following is a key factor in ensuring the reliability of a study?

The reliability of a study fundamentally hinges on the data collection instrument used. A reliable instrument consistently produces the same results under the same conditions. If the data collection tool is valid, accurate, and tailored to the variables being measured, it enhances the study's reliability by ensuring that the information gathered reflects true phenomena rather than artifacts or inconsistencies stemming from the measurement process.

Using a well-designed instrument minimizes biases and errors, leading to reproducible results if the study were to be repeated. For instance, standardized surveys or validated tests contribute to the reliability of findings by ensuring that respondents interpret questions similarly, which is essential for meaningful data analysis.

While the sample size, research questions, and timeframe can influence other aspects of the study, such as its validity and generalizability, they do not inherently ensure that the data itself, when collected, is reliable. Thus, focusing on the reliability of the data collection instrument is critical for establishing the overall robustness and credibility of the research findings.