Which research approach emphasizes gathering and analyzing numerical data?

The emphasis of quantitative research lies in the collection and analysis of numerical data, which helps to quantify behaviors, opinions, or other defined variables and uncover patterns in the data. This approach often involves statistical analysis, allowing researchers to make predictions, test hypotheses, and apply findings in a way that can be generalized across larger populations. It focuses on measuring aspects of phenomena that can be expressed in numerical form, making it possible to determine relationships, differences, and changes over time with significant precision.

In contrast, qualitative research centers on understanding concepts, behaviors, or experiences through non-numerical data, emphasizing depth over breadth. Mixed-methods research incorporates both qualitative and quantitative approaches but does not primarily focus on numerical data. Descriptive research primarily provides a detailed account of phenomena without involving the inferential analysis characteristic of quantitative studies. Therefore, the distinctive characteristic of quantitative research is its strong reliance on numerical data for analysis.