Which term refers specifically to the software used for database operations?

The term that refers specifically to the software used for database operations is Database Management System (DBMS). A DBMS is a software suite that enables users to create, manipulate, and manage databases efficiently. It provides tools for data storage, retrieval, and modification, ensuring data integrity, security, and accessibility. Key functions of a DBMS include handling the data input and output, managing transactions, enforcing data integrity constraints, and allowing users to structure queries to extract meaningful information from the stored data.

Other terms like data hierarchy, database architecture, and data mapping are part of the broader context of databases but do not refer specifically to the software itself. Data hierarchy refers to the organization of data in levels or ranks, database architecture defines the overall structure and design of a database system, and data mapping involves creating connections between data elements in different systems or formats. Thus, the most accurate term for software specifically handling database operations is DBMS.